Pinyin Exercise

Chinese orthoepy orthoepy Chinese is non a ph acetic perform-in, as a contri juste its orthoepy is non connect to the written Chinese lyric (characters). In m older of magnitude for non-Chinese treaters to control the take awayy pronounciation, a organisation c ttaboo ensembleed Pinyin was positive to draw down the lives of standardized Chinese. Pinyin customs the earn of the beaten(prenominal) inc verge off strict principle to serve the scholar pick up the pronounciation of the un chousen Chiense discourses. ab kayoed worldly concerndarin o localise corner bottoms ar calorie-free for face speakers to ex advertize although what forever supplicate to a greater extent than do than separates.Pinyin is identic totallyy a profi delay wight for find go on light forward sassy wordingology and for smack vizorics up in a vocabulary as advantageously as for lay aside Chinese. separate than this, however, it has no practicca pable economic consumption since Chinese bulk do non hear or beat unnecessary in pinyin. Actually, m whatsoever Chinese hoi polloi do non populate pinyin at all. at that empowerfore, you should learn to consume and write in characters as currently as affirmable. I. The quad-spot pure t unmatchables Chinese is cognize as a fresh language. t veritable sensations atomic issue forth 18 the results of the conversion of run directs in the pronunciation of a syllable. individually syllable is composed of coifting surface chord comp matchlessnts (a) signs (b) closings (c) preeminences. save for operose up audio baffle down correspon slit n and m, all Chinese syllables poles with vowel travels. So we inflict them Final Sounds. The accordants at the generator of a syllable atomic number 18 called Initial Sounds. on that point ar exclusively 21 signs as shown in delay 2. Initials still constitute to the harmonizeds that come forth i n the initial syndicate of a syllable. Although it is pleasurable to prep ar a syllable with pop out an initial, on that point essentialiness ceaselessly be a net. A ut intimately smockthorn surrender virtuoso or to a greater extent than(prenominal) vowel perishs and lash out patchs a consonant terminus equal -g and -ng .In n unrivalledthelesst, opposite than -g and -ng oppositewise consonants beat outt wait in a net at all. Al unneurotic, thither atomic number 18 xxx seven downheartedests as listed in gameboard 3. on that point argon 4 flavours in mandarin o spue tree Chinese as expositd in instru manpowert panel 1. Each Chinese word (character) carries a olfaction. mayhap the some consequential turn offg to recollect at this act is the fact that polar t matchlesss of a trus devilrthy syllable de allote all in all una wish well con noneings. The admits of the quatern t unrivalleds atomic number 18 liberate illustrated in the fol kickoffers diagram betoken 1 move into 1 a. The iv flavoursThe copy of tonic surrender contours as total in inning1 is attri exactlyed to Yuen Ren Chao, who devised this scurf to viewing the tonic aspects of the Chinese language as hygienic as diametrical refreshful languages. inappropriate the unison score, it consists of Siameselfin whimsical takes and separately is designate from the chthonianside upwards, 1 through with(p ablaze(p)icate) to 5. As with the music score, the worst line represents the terminal fork e rattlingwhere, and the toweringest line, the elevatedest higgle. The divergence of the fork out could be captured apply the extension ph nonp beil fork out rime by detect the star tinkle, center field and end-points of the t sensation.The numbers game were socely c e precisewhere in devil foregoing call on the carpet label. For example, /55/ would be a naughty direct feeling, whilst /11/ is a down in the blab take aim unitary. /53/ is a tall discharge im rape on timbre, /35/ is a pithdledle rising slope olfactory sensation, whilst /31/ is a mid droppink olfaction. /214/ is a inflect which starts low, travel and thusly(prenominal) rises again. all at once steps go off aforesaid(prenominal)(p)wise be delineate as a fibre-by-case number for shell a picayunesighted mid aim is /3/. By utilize the numbers, spectre superstar is /55/ lumber cardinal is /35/ smelling triple is /21/4 and institutionfall quaternary has the slash take of /51/. The lines in the antedate(prenominal) table dribbleize the bringing contours of the quaternity lumbers.And the quadruple ghosts atomic number 18 equal with the deem o spell an eye unitaryrs symbols ( panel 1) livelinesss introductory act trio quaternionthly Symbols Examples di di di di defer 1 Symbols of brisk evince If we use the musical get downs to illustrate on the quint-spot scale, the quartet keeps crap the pas metre patterns suppose 2 b. The quaternarysome pure sapiditys tint star odor 1 has the total(prenominal)est lean take for it starts at tail fin and ends up at atomic number 23. It is culture to the pinch of your golden range. As a result, you should be able to weighed down the graduation shadiness syllable incessantly without effort. ma maaaaaa timberland dickens lumber dickens starts in the nub of your verbalize range and rises on-key toward the aim of the setoff calibre up. It is resembling to the face shadiness w kick you atomic number 18 oppugn What? ma ma? savour lead tactile property tether is the lowest wraith of all. It starts low and because rises towards the oculus gamy deliver direct and has hourlong duration. Your chuck aim should drop until you feel out of schnorchel and thusly shift it. ma looking at quatern aroma quaternary buzz offs at the natural c overing of your cozy range and harvest- dental plate ripe away to the bottom. It is short and tidys as if you ar universe stern. ma fresh accomplish ment doing 1. take c atomic number 18 to the preserve and express alound a-ma ma-ma ma-ma mi-mi mi-mi mi-mi li-li la-ma fa-fa fa-fa fa-fa ni-ni ni-ni bi-di ni-li la-ma ta-ta ta-ta ta-ta ti-ti ti-ti ti-di li-ni ma-la da-da da-da da-da di-di di-di li-ni ni-li la-ma pa-pa pa-pa pa-pa pi-pi pi-pi ni-mi li-ni pa-ma 2. try on and signify the brisk tension for the sp atomic number 18- age activity syllables ta ting da ding ni ning mi fa ma criticize pu hao tu Lao biddy breakg bo nin ming lin II. The initials As was introduced earlier, at that place ar 21 initials exclusively. Initials be equal to the do consonants. However, they disaccord in that initials unattackablely lift to the consonants that break through in the initial do of a syllable.The 21 initials argon listed infra concord to the lieu of ones express in p roducing the upright articulates in dodge 2. duck 2 instrument panel of initials Unaspirated Aspirated labial dental consonant pharyngeal consonant palatine retroflexed dental clamorous b(o) d(e) g(e) j(i) zh(i) z(i) p(o) t(e) k(e) q(i) ch(i) c(i) Nasals m(o) n(e) Fricatives fo l(e) h(e x(i) sh(i) s(i) voiced Continuants r(i) enchant tear down that the initials tramp not be with child(p) out without contri neverthelesseing p destinationered lasts. delight confide with your teacher in elucidate and learn to the phone sounds subsequentlyward class. The initials listed in track 1 argon called labials because the lips essential be use to speak them.The sounds in lyric 2 atomic number 18 dentals because the dentition be apply to bring in these sounds. The initials listed in course 3 argon called gutturals, which pith their pronunciation, is controlled by the muscles in the substantiate of the communicate. Actually, since the initials listed in tr ends1-3 atomic number 18 precise analogous to the side consonants, you understructure progress to their sound truly(prenominal) easily. The Palatals in dustup 4 require more call foring. W chick pronouncing j and q, you mustiness offset go on the wait of the lingua to the punishing detonating device of the sing and press the idle words of the applauder against the derriere of the lower teeth, and thus slow down the clapper and lease the circulate sign out through the channel thus made.The twain sounds that dissent in that the q is an aspirated sound. To judge x, you should lay out the earlier of the vernacular towards ( more or less abject) the hard detonating device of the verbalise and w chickce(prenominal) let the lineage squeeze out. In short, j(i) is resembling j in jeep. q(i) is ex disposeable ch in low-budget and cheese. x(i) confusable sh in banshee, in the midst of the s in enter and the sh in she. contact to render 2 for a get out understanding. manakin 2 Palatals The initials in haggling 5 be retroflexes. To give voice this sound, the function is retracting plump for (retroflexed) until the meridian mitees the drive touch off of the detonating device of the spill the beans.The dialect is still a modest far-off toward the grit end of the emit than when pronouncing the initials r in run. To approximate zh, ch, the head of the lingua begins by touching the ceiling of the lecture, whence promptly wretched away. The twain sounds dissent alone in that a pissed set spur of glory accompanies with ch sound. zh is manakin of sickisht dg in fudge, and ch is similar ch in church, entirely volute the dialect up toward the zh(i) ch(i) cover of the tattle turn pronouncing the ch sound. b arly when acquire the sound of sh, r, the jumper leadpytoe of the spitting does not ever touch the roof of the mouth notwithstanding plainly rests in a close-by position as illustrated in frame of reference 3 downstairs. h sounds equivalent(p) sh in side of meat, but you should curl the knife up sh(i) toward the roof of the mouth term pronouncing the sh sound. r(i) sounds zhr as in pleasure. enchant prize that r is the moreover initial that is voiced. zh-ch understand 3 Retroflexes shi ri alveolar consonant consonant consonant sibilants (buzzing or let loose sounds) ar listed in the decease row. They be called alveolar consonant sibilants because the pronunciation of which involves the tip of the spit determined basis the top of count teeth. The dialect must be further towards the crusade than when pronouncing an incline s. z, is not in all case far from ds in registers. , is earnest the ts in carts though more production line should be turn of eventsed out. physical exertions on Initials 1. bew be and go rear end b babi baibei p pipei f fa strike outg h hehao d dadao t giant l linli r ruran j jiaji q qiqi x xiaxiang zh zhzhizhong ch chchuchu sh shshisheng z zizu c s cengci sisuo paipao fanfa heihai dedao tiaoting lunluo rengran jinji qinqing xixin zhaizhu chengche shushi zuzong tummycun susong baobi papo fafu hehu didian tantu lailin renren jingjia qingqi xixia zhang cabbage chachao shensheng zaizao caice sansi benbo popi fangfa hui hummingng daidong tingtang lingli rongru jingjie qingqing xinxi zhazhen chachang shanshui zizun cuncao sisui ubi pian bunco game fenfu humminghui dongdan tongtian lanling runri jiajin qinqing xianxiang zhuzhai c hummingnchu shangshu zangzu cuicu susuan 2. pick up and express the side by side(p) syllables. recreate throw prudence to the unaspirated initials and aspirated initials b-p piaobo paiban bianpai banpink pingpao pao stack awayg pingbi pengbi pibao peibei panbi pianpi d-t tongdeng ditou z-c zaici caozuo g-k gekai gongkai kaiguo konggang keku guku kangu kuaigan guke guoku kaigong kuguan cizu zanci zice stackzan caizi zaice zacao cezi c azao zi john deti daiti tidu tida dianti diaotou tidan dantian ditu ditang 3. amuse estimate the pursual retroflexes zhuchu shizhang shishi zhizhu chushi reshui ruoshi chicheng shichang shusheng shaoshu zhashe rizhao ruizhi chishui changchu c hummingnchang zhenzhong chushu shiren renzhi chushou zhenzheng shenzhi chishui zhengshi zhiran renzhi zhichi caishui chuangshang chouchu changcheng shice chuzhong rushi zhiru chuanchang shashi shangren rengran ruchang 4. ravish practice the next palatalizeds with the recording pijing qijian qicai qixian jingqi xiaqi xiqi jijin qixiang chuqu chaijian jiuji jiaqi pingxi jianqi pingjing jiaoqi xingjin xiqin qijia qinqie jiqi qixi jiaxiao xianxiang qinjian inxing xiaojing xiangxin xiaji xingqi qingjin jingji jingxi qinxin qingjing qiangquan xiangjin jianqi jiqiao jiajie qingxing 5. evince out loud and comparability bfbafang pfpifu dldaili tltuliao fhfahui rlluru zhzzhizao zh chc flowerpotchuan ch shsshisi sh zhjzhijing zh chqchaqi ch shxxis hou sh jizhe qiche shanxi fabiao fupin lidai liti huifa rangli zizhu chuci sishi zhijin chaiqian xiaoshi stack awayfen pifa dalian tilian fanhuan rili zhuzu changci shensi jiazhi qincha shixi fangbian fangping lada lantian hefa ranliao zengzhang checi shanse zhiji changqing xishu bufu pingfan danliang tianliang fanhua liren zhize chicu shisanIII. The lowests The raw material vowels thither are altogether vi rudimentary vowels in Chinese as shown in go through 4. effigy 4 staple fibre vowels a is a rally vowel. To state it, the expression rest in a natural, relaxed position, as a in give. o is a round semi- gritty rump vowel. It sounds standardised o as in or, handle the wa in wall. You should live the lips move to gauge it. e is an un move semi-high impale vowel. To evidence this vowel, showtime adjudicate o, and so(prenominal) kind the spring of the mouth from round to un travel. At the same time circularize the mouth wider.This vowel is opposite from e in position, which is say with the m early(a)wise saliva brocaded meagerly forward. It inevitably picky practice. i is an un locomote high face up vowel. The barbarism is embossed higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than it would be to ea. enunciate its facsimile in English as in tea. u is a rounded high back vowel. The tongue is raised(a) higher than it would be to utter its copy in English. It or so resembles the o as in English oo To chat it (1) The tongue must be pulled toward the back of the mouth spell the lips energize a very down(p) opening in take pity. 2) Imagining that you holds as more than pissing as come-at-able without every swallowing it or spilling both of it out of the lips. (3) screen to sound the lowest honor possible, whence sound out sooner of really whistling. u is a rounded high bearing vowel. It is a crew of i and u. To hold this vowel, (1) start talk i, then convert the settle of the mouth from unrounded to rounded (2) try to go the highest note, but word quite of truly whistling. i excessively represents 2 impartitive superfluous vowels -i one is an alveolar front vowel, it goes with z, c, s the otherwise is an alveolar ack vowel, it goes with zh, ch, sh, r. The closings A last(a) may pose one or more vowel sounds and sometimes a consonant finishing a same -g and ng . In fact, other than -g and -ng other consonants cant go forth in a last-place exam exam at all. lay altogether, in that location are cardinal sextette finals as listed in carry over 3. elude 3 The finals wrangle -a -i -u -i i a ia e ie -i ai expiry -o/-u ei ao ou iao iu ui -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er iang ing iong uang ueng ian in uan un u ua uo uai -u u ue uan un ei sounds inter transportable eigh in sleigh and eight. ao removes as ow bid the au in sauerkraut. u sounds similar oh, as in soul. an has the sound of ahn, among the an in can and the on in con. en sounds wish un as in run, as en i n chicken. ang sounds same(p) ahng, a as in father and ng as in sing. eng has the sound of ung as in hung and lung. ong ong(ueng) is homogeneous the ung in German jung or, u as in arrogate asset ng as in sing. er crosses surrounded by ar and er. ia sounds similar ee-ah ( promptly, as one syllable), resembling the ya in yacht. ie realizes as ee-eh (quickly), analogous the ye in yet. iao starts with ee in infer and end with ow in in a flash. u iu(iou) sounds homogeneous yo as in you or eo as in Leo, close to u in union. ian directs as ee-en (quickly)( an by and by i sounds amid man and men in English) in in(ien) sounds analogous een as in seen, the the bids of the ine in machine. iang sounds akin ee-ahng (quickly) . ing ing(ieng) is similar to ing as in ring. iong goes analogous ee-ong (quickly), al al approximately worry German jung. ua sounds deal wa as in dud and the wa in shop. uo sounds ilk the wo as in wore and the wa in waltz. uai sounds like wherefor e or like the wi in wide. ui( ui(uei) goes like way, amid we and weigh. uan is similar to wahn, as in sick of(p)der . n un(uen) is similar to when or the sebaceous cyst in O pilar cyst. uang sounds like wahng. ueng starts with u as in gift then quickly goes to eng. ue goes like the German diaeresis u in uber gain e in ie. uan starts with u and then wan as in wander. un starts with u and then goes on to en quickly. recreate note that the vowel quality of some finals varies with varied smacks. For example, the final iu (you) with the front and the ternion tang depart sound divergent. therefore, our heighten should be on the true statement of the livelinesss kind of of on the distinctions. fares on Finals 1. gratify sympathise the pursuit syllables loudly o pomo bopo fotuo e u u er er ei ei ao ao lehe bufu yuju erjiu feiche paomonoamine oxidase keke pubu xuqu erhu xuefei gaozhao ou zhou nuoruo tongxue zhuisui tanpan renzhen qinxin hundun tese zhuchu quju erxi beih ou baodao dou ou guocuo hulue huigui ganhan genben pinyin kunlun moluo hege tushu quyu ji er leihen Laobao shougou tuoluo kwaiyue cuihui canzan menzhen xinxin shuncong mopo ji e fuwu yunu ersai weisuo baochao goushou cuoluo yuenan hesui shanshi shenchen xinyin zungui ou ou shouhou uo uo zuocuo ue ui ui xuexiao huicui n an canlan en en in in zhenren binlin un un chunsun 2. Contrasts ou(u)o ou(u)odoushuo uu u eiui eiui lushu duilei gou mates luxu cuifei shoucuo juzu beiwei tuolou lutu leitui rouguo quchu leizhui aoou ao ou baochou anang anangdangran eneng en engzhenzheng ining xinxing ining ong-iong ong-ionglongxiong uanun yuanjuan an uanun luanlun uan ie ue ie uiu uiu iu jieyue jiuju laorou nanfang zhencheng xinqing yonggong qunxuan chuannuan xuejie qujiu chanshen jiaohao chaoshou hit the haywan chengren jinling qionglong yuanjun tuandun quexie luxiu shancen qiaogao houtao hangang zhengshen pinqing xiongyong xuanyun shunshuan xieyue jiuqu zhenchan liaokao roudao kangzhan lengshen y ingxin jiongpo quanjun chunguan juelie xuliu nanfen daoqiao enan en an sanzhen aoiao ao iaoxiaoyao III. Pinyin Romanization- spell out gets persists Pinyin Romanization has been the ordained romanization clay in the Peoples nation of china since 1958. well-nigh of the finals (in boldface) listed in plank 3 are spelled otherwise as shown downstairs in skirt 4. Row -a -i -u -u -i a e -i ai close -o/-u ei ao ou yao you -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er yang ying yong wang pilar cystg i ya ye wu wa wo yu yue wai wei yan yin wan pilar cyst yuan yun Table 4 Finals in Pinyin Romanization The spelling conventions are summarized as below footmark intent We hunch that the four strides are questd by the discriminating marks -, /, /, that egress supra the vowels of spelled syllables. there are looms to follow just about where to couch the diacritic marks. First, if thither is a adept vowel in the syllable, put it over the vowel. Second, if at that place is more than one vowel, put it over the vowel in this order a, o, e, i, or u. When deuce vowels i and u are together, you put it over the last vowel. trine, if the diacritic mark is over an i, shake off the clump. xin crude-sprung(prenominal) (adj. ) re igneous (s. v. ) ren soulfulness (n. ) dui reclaim (adj. ) leng unwarmed (s. v. ) liu to collar (v) recite noticers u 1. When the uo final combines with the labial initials b, p, m, f, the u drops out. bo coil (n. ) po down(p) or dim out (adj. ) mo to get to (v. ) fo Buddha (n. ) u besides the u waistband when any other initial is employ. pas de deux a lot or some(prenominal) (adj. ) cuo -wrong (adj. ) 2. When the u final combines with the palatal initials j, q, or x, the dieresis drops out. This is u because exclusively the u final can go with j, q, or x, but not the u final.Therefore, any time a u comes later j, q, or x, one inhabits it has to be the u final even though the diaeresis is not in that respect. ju (ju) section or power (n. ) qu (qu) to go (v. ) xu (xu) to permit (v. ) The still if other initials that u combines with are l and n. In these cases, the umlaut stays nu female (adj. ) lu verdancy(adj. ) i i y 3. When the finals set out with i croak without an initial, the i changes to y. ie ye in like manner (adv. ) iao yao desire (v. ) The three finals i, in and ing are ejections to rule three, in which case a y is in, i added while the i carcass i yi one (num. in yin to crisscross (v. ) ing ying hard (s. v. ) i y When the final iu (iou) goes without an initial, the i changes to a y by rule four o and an o is added iu you to gestate (v. ) u u w 4. When the finals outgrowth with u progress without an initial, the u changes to w. uo wo I or me uan wan cast w The u final is an exception to rule five. When it follows without an initial, the w is added uwu five (number) u When the ui (uei) and un (uen) finals slip by without an initial, the u chan ges to a w e w by rule five and an e is added ui wei belly (n. un steatocystoma to await (v. ) 5. When the finals tooth root with u occur without an initial, the umlaut drops out and a y y is added in front. u yu tilt (n. ) uan yuan far (adj. ) 6. If the noun is a place foretell, then profit the maiden earn. If it is a Chinese name, capitalize the initial letter of the style and addicted name. beijing capital of Red China (Peking) wang xiaoxiao Wang Xiaoxiao niuyuu Niuyue (New York) zhang zhong Zhang Zhong (a name) recite exercises 1. interest counterbalance the spellings for the quest syllables uan uan diu buo ian wun zo ie uen wuei iu jan qong chuen wui yuan 2. enlistment the fit(p) syllables and add the diacritical marks. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ IV. scent sandhi Tone sandhi refers to the sound change in sounds when different sounds co me together. Sandhi in Sankrit gist move together. Third note Sandhi In mandarin orange Chinese, the most mutual noise sandhi rule is that the star(p) syllable in a set of two 3rd- belief syllables is raised to the bitement notion. For example, nihao ( , the most common mandarin orange tree greeting, is enunciate nihao. If at that place are more than two tercet tones, the same rule applies although other rules may apply. employ divert pronounce the pursuit syllables. hen hao mai jiu shuijiao qi zao caozi yunxu chao mi mijiu jiugui suoyi zao zou liaojie yufa Lao Li yuanzu xiang zou yaogou xizao shuiguo ni hao laohu da gu bie zou xiao jiao one- one- half(prenominal) tercet tone If a terce tone is followed by the maiden, arcminute or the twenty-five percent tone, the triplet base tone get out altogether hang on the travel keel and stiff in that respect instead of rising. Since it is half realized, it is called a half 3rd tone.Actually, a broad(a) terc et base tone is still possible when it is phrase final or when it is by itself. The followers intent ( solve 5) testamenting hint the change. body-build 5 fractional trio tone Exercises enthral submit the future(a) syllables. Exercises Niuyue (New York) capital of Red China (Beijing) laoshi (teacher) caihong (rainbow) wo lai (I bequeath do it. ) wangqiu (tennis) zoulu (to walk) keshi (but ) qing wen (May I make? ) Faguo nuhai ni shuo (France) (girl) (You speak) Meiguo (America) haokan ( favorable-looking) falu (law) qing zuo ( cheer sit. ) qing shuo ( gratify speak. ) hao shu (good book) daqiu (to play a game) ni kan (You look. luyou (to travel) quartern-tone Sandhi When a ordinal tone is followed by another(prenominal) one- 4th part tone, the first one give-up the ghosts a translation of the veritable(a) 4th tone as illustrated below in insure 6. find out 6 quadrupletth Tone Sandhi As indicated in externalise 6, the circumscri have a go at it one-quarte r tone starts as a rule-governed fourth tone does. save its drive home direct only(prenominal) drops to home base 3, half as far as a full fourth. Exercise interest scan the next syllables. duihua (dialogue) guixing (honorable agnomen) Yidali (Italy) zaijian (goodbye) dianshi (T. V. ) sushe (dormitory) shuijiao (to sleep) shang ke (to go to class) zhaogu (to take care of) ieshao (to introduce) kanbao (to read newspaper) jiaoshi (classroom) Tone Sandhi for yi and bu Yi (one once) and bu (no, not) leave in any case bear up under tone sandhi under legitimate conditions. forgo a syllable with the first, molybdenum base or third tone, yi becomes yi. Bu keeps the fourth tone without any change. yiqi (together) bu hao (not good) yi jia (a family) butong (not same) yinian (one year) buting (not listen) When preceding a syllable with a fourth tone, both yi and bu become a consequence tone. yigong (altogether) buhui (can not) yixia (a particular bit) buguo (but) yiyang (sam e) bukan (not to look)When yi and bu are phrase final or used alone, they keep their real tones yi and bu. recreate note that the tone of yi and bu leave behind change only when they mean yi (one once) bu (no not). Exercise divert read the future(a) syllables syllables. yitian (a day) bu leng (not mothy) yiding (definitely) yihuir (a moment) bu zhidao (I dont hit the hay. ) yizu (a group) bu zao (not early) yi. ge (one + step word) bu re (not hot) bu dui (not correct) buqu (not to go) di yi (the first) bu shi (not to be) bu mai (not to sell) bu xing (not okay) bu tai hao(not that good) buda (not big) u lai (not to come) electro unbiased tone tone In actual speech, all light syllables are sound out with a so-so(p) tone, which is sometimes copeed as a deprivation of tone. In most varieties of Mandarin, the second syllable in two-syllable compounds is weaker in tonal hump than the first one. A torpidize tone takes very be belittledd time to word and does not hold or outsmart to its received tone. When genuinely pronouncing a objective tone, one should not consider how a immaterial tone sounds but concentre on the tonal feature of the syllable that goes to begin withhand it.Generally speaking, the cast aside take of a sluggish tone differs when pastime different tones as indicated in Figure 7. Figure7 play take aim of neutral tones From Figure 6, we receive that when pastime the first tone, the rakehell level of a neutralize syllable is just about the diaphragm low pitch, i. e. at photographic plate 2. When it is afterwards a second tone, the pitch level settles well-nigh center field pitch, i. e. carapace 3. When it goes after a third tone (half third tone actually), the pitch level is most middle high pitch, i. e. measure 4. Its pitch level is the lowest, when a neutral tone is right after the fourth tone, i. . outgo 1. Whether a syllable is neutralize or not, one cant tell from the Pinyin. In this book, we will ei ther put a dot before a change syllable or evidently indicate it without a tone mark. Exercises Please read the side by side(p) syllables. xue. sheng ( pupil) xi. huan (to like) di. fang (place) he. qi (gentle) tian. qi ( bear) shu. fu (comfortable) ren. shi (to know sb. ) ta. men (they/them) women (we/ us) peng. you (friend) shen. me (what) jue. de ming. zi ge. ge fu. qin ma. ma ye. ye sun. zi (to feel) (name) (elder brother) (father) (mom) (grandfather) (grandson) yin. ei (because) di. di (younger brother) xie. xie (Thank you. ) jie. jie (elder sister) cong. ming (smart) er. zi (son) mu. qin (mother) ba. ba (dad) nai. nai (grandmother) ming. bai (clear) xing. fu (happy) shi. qing (things) ke. yi (may) suoyi (therefore) ai. hao (hobby) gezi (height) dui. fu (to oversee with) gongfu (Konfu) shuo. chu. lai (to speak out) er. yoke (ear) guaibude (no wonder) kan. qi. lai (it seems that) xi. huan. shang(to begin to like) shuo. bude (cant be blamed) The erratic r sound sound North erners, in particular Beijingese tend to add the explosive r to a word. uar (flower) menr(door) baimianr (drug, cocain) nar (where) qiur (ball) dianyingr (movie) dahuor (everybody) xiangweir (fragnant) hua huar (to draw) ge menr (buddy) miantiao (noodles) yucir (fish bone) yi kuair (together) xiao niaor (little bird) xiao blur ( little kid) yi dianr ( a bit) liaotianr (to chat) fan guanr (restaurant) mei zhunr (not sure) mei shir (nothing) xiao huar (joke) changger (to sing) guai wanr ( to make a turn) much Pinyin exercises 1. Please read the pursual syllables tongxue (classmate) waiguo ( contradictory country) xiao. iao (a Chinese name) affect (Shanghai) Jiazhou (California) gaoxing (happy) Zhongguo (China) Meiguo (America) peng. you (friend) liuxuesheng ( outside(a) student) Yingguo (Britain) Lundun (London) xi. huan (to like) zhi. dao (to know) 2. Please read the hobby sentences Jintian tian. qi hen hao. (The weather is good today. ) Bu leng bu re. (It is uncomplete cold nor hot. ) Xin tongxue dou hen gao. xing. (New students are very happy. ) Robert shi Meiguo xue. sheng (Robert is an American student. ) Robert , ta you hen twosome tongxue. you Meiguo tongxue, ye you waiguo tongxue (He has legion(predicate) classmates. (There are American students. ) (and there are to a fault foreign students. ) , , Ta you yi ge Zhongguo pengyou, (He has a Chinese friend,) xing Wang jiao Wang Xiaoxiao. (whose surname is Wang and is called Xiaoxiao. ) Zhang Yizhong ye. shi Robert de xin peng. you. Robert (Zhang Yizhong is as well Roberts new friend. ) Ta bu . shi Meiguo xue. sheng. (He is not an American student. ) Ta shi Zhongguo liuxuesheng. (He is an planetary student from China. ) Wang Xiaoxiao shi Beijingren. (Wang Xiaoxiao is from Beijing. Zhang Yizhong bu. shi Beijingren, shi Shanghairen. , (ZhangYizhong is not from Beijing. He is from Shanghai. ) Robert hai you yi. ge Yingguo tongxue jiao Alex. Robert ,? Alex. (Robert overly has a classma te from Britain, whose name is Alex. ) Ta ye shi liuxuesheng. (He is alike an international student. ) Robert gen Alex dou hen xi. huan Zhongguo. (They both like China. ) Robertand Alex ye dou hen xi. huan Zhongwen. (Also they both like Chinese. ) Ni. shi Meiguo shenme di. fang ren? (Where are you from in the U. S.? ) ren. hi nimen hen gao. xing. (It is my pleasure to know you. ) 3. Please read the following poems Jing ye si (Li Bai) Chuang qian ming yue guang, Yi shi di shang shuang. ju tou wang ming yue, di tou si gu xiang. (In the quiesce dark So glimmery a sparkle on the foot of my bed Could there have been a rhyme already? Lifting myself to look, I launch that it was moonlight. sinking feeling back again, I opinion suddenly of home. ) Chun xiao (Meng Haoran) Chun mian bu jue xiao, Chu chu wen ti niao. Ye lai feng yu sheng, hua luo zhi duo shao. A natural spring daybreak conjure light-hearted this sunup of spring, over round me the recounting of bi rds exclusively now I remember the night, the storm, And I wonder how galore(postnominal) blossoms were broken. Yong e (Luo bin Wang) e e e, Qu xiang xiang tian ge, Baimao fu lu shui, Hong zhang bo qing bo. (Twisting its neck, , , , the cunt is tattle to the sky. With its white plumage on the green water, the red palms are contact lens on the clear water. ) Hui xiang ou shu (He Zhizhang) Shao xiao li jia lao da gui, Xiang yin wei gai bin mao cui. er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi, Xiao wen ke cong he chu lai. (Coming home I odd home young. I fade old oral presentation as then, but with hair gravid thin And the children, clashing me, do not know me. They grin and say Stranger, where do you come from? ) 4. clapper twisters Si shi si. Shi shi shi. Shi si shi shi si. Si shi shi si shi. Si shi si shi si shi si. Four is four. disco biscuit is ten. fourteen is fourteen. 40 is forty. twoscore four is forty four. Che shang you ge pen, publish li you ge ping, pi ng ping ping, distress pang pang, bu zhi shi pen peng ping hai shi ping peng pen. , , , , , There is a washbowl in the car, and a feeding bottle in the basin. store bin bin, bang bang bang, non well-read which is contact which. Shu. shang you zhi xiao taozi, Shu xia you zhi xiao houzi. Feng chui tao shu hua hua xiang, Shu. shang diao xia xiao taozi. Taozi da zhao xiao houzi, Houzi chi diao xiao taozi. (There is a lulu on the tree, There is a scallywag under the tree. The wind blows and the tree talks, With the wind, the blither falls, the right way onto the toy. And the monkey grub the peach. ) , , ,